The Islamic Republic’s Instrumental Misuse of War Ruins: Propaganda

On an international level, the use of ruins serves to challenge competing narratives. In global discourse, military actions are often justified through strategic arguments that focus on security, deterrence, or geopolitical balance. Images of civilian damage complicate these arguments by introducing a moral dimension. When audiences are confronted with visible evidence of destruction in residential areas, they are more likely to question the legitimacy of the actions that caused it.

This is where the intersection between physical reality and digital amplification becomes particularly important. Search engines, social media algorithms, and online news platforms all play a role in determining which images gain visibility. By producing a steady stream of emotionally resonant content, the state increases the likelihood that its preferred narrative will dominate search results and public attention. Terms related to war damage, civilian impact, and urban destruction become associated with specific images and interpretations.

The historical context of this approach provides additional insight into its effectiveness. During the Iran–Iraq War, the Islamic Republic developed a narrative framework that emphasized sacrifice, endurance, and moral legitimacy. Physical destruction was not hidden but integrated into a broader story about national identity and resistance. Memorials, preserved battle sites, and public commemorations all contributed to a lasting cultural memory that continues to influence contemporary strategies.