The Islamic Republic’s Instrumental Misuse of War Ruins: Propaganda

The strategic use of ruins also has a temporal dimension. Instead of quickly moving toward reconstruction, the visible state of destruction is maintained long enough to serve its communicative purpose. This does not necessarily mean that rebuilding is abandoned, but it does suggest that timing is influenced by more than practical considerations. The persistence of visible damage ensures that the narrative remains anchored in a tangible reality. As long as the ruins exist, they can be used.

The psychological impact of this approach is multifaceted. On a domestic level, it can foster a sense of collective endurance. By repeatedly exposing citizens to images of damage paired with messages of strength, the state reinforces a narrative in which hardship is both expected and meaningful. This can reduce the likelihood of internal criticism by framing suffering as part of a larger, necessary struggle.

At the same time, the approach channels emotional responses in specific directions. Anger and grief are directed outward, toward external actors identified as responsible for the destruction. This redirection is crucial for maintaining internal cohesion. By emphasizing external threats, the state minimizes the potential for internal divisions to emerge in response to the crisis.