The Complete History of the Lion and Sun Symbol: From Ancient to Modern Flags

4.1 The Qajar Dynasty (1789–1925)

The Qajar dynasty marked a period where the lion and sun motif was formalized as a national emblem. The flag of Iran during this era prominently featured the lion holding a sword, with a sun with rays and a crown above it.

Visual changes introduced during this period included adding a sword in the lion’s paw, representing military strength, and stylized rays emanating from the sun to symbolize divine authority.

4.2 The Role of Amir Kabir

The influential statesman Amir Kabir played a crucial role in systematizing the emblem as a state symbol, issuing official decrees that established the lion and sun as the official emblem of Iran. He also standardized the flag colors—green, white, and red—aligning with later national flags.

4.3 The Old Iranian Flag

The design of the flag combined the tricolor with the lion and sun emblem at its center. The lion, holding a sword, was depicted with a crown or turban, symbolizing monarchy and sovereignty.

The sun, with stylized rays, represented divine legitimacy and national unity. This flag was used extensively during the late Qajar period and into the early Pahlavi era.

4.4 The Symbolic Significance

The lion symbolized courage, strength, and protection, while the sun represented divine radiance and legitimacy. The sword indicated military readiness and defense of the nation.