Complete Guide to Hair Loss: Causes, Symptoms, When to See a Doctor, and Effective Treatments
Causes of Hair Loss
Understanding the root causes helps in targeting the right treatment. Here are the most common causes:
1. Nutritional Deficiencies
- Iron deficiency anemia is a leading cause of hair loss worldwide.
- Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause hair fragility and shedding.
- Protein deficiency impacts hair strength and growth.
- Other nutrients involved include zinc, biotin, and vitamin D.
2. Hormonal Imbalances
- Thyroid disorders—hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism—disrupt hair growth.
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Elevated androgens cause thinning hair in women.
- Pregnancy and menopause: Hormonal fluctuations can temporarily or permanently affect hair.
3. Autoimmune Diseases
- Alopecia Areata: The immune system attacks hair follicles.
- Lupus: Causes scarring and hair loss.
4. Medical Conditions and Medications
- Certain medications, including chemotherapy, blood thinners, and antidepressants, can cause hair loss.
- Severe illnesses and stress can trigger telogen effluvium.
5. Hair Care Practices
- Excessive heat styling, chemical treatments, or tight hairstyles can cause traction alopecia.
- Use of harsh shampoos or hair dyes may weaken hair.
6. Viral and Infectious Causes
- Viral infections like COVID-19 can lead to post-viral hair shedding.
- Fungal infections such as tinea capitis cause patchy hair loss.
